some usefull FAQ

1. What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.2. What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.3. What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.4. Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.5. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.6. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.7. What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.8. What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.9. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.10. What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.11. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.12. What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.13. What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.14. What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.15. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.16. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.17. What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.18. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).19. What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.20. How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.21. What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.22. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.23. What is the difference between macro and subroutine?- Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.24. What is ERP? - ERP is a package with the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as a whole, for effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise. Initially, ERP was targeted for manufacturing industry mainly for planning and managing core business like production and financial market. As the growth and merits of ERP package ERP software is designed for basic process of a company from manufacturing to small shops with a target of integrating information across the company.25. Different types of ERP? - SAP, BAAN, JD Edwards, Oracle Financials, Siebel, PeopleSoft. Among all the ERP’s most of the companies implemented or trying to implement SAP because of number of advantages aver other ERP packages.26. What is SAP? - SAP is the name of the company founded in 1972 under the German name (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is the leading ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software package.27. Explain the concept of “Business Content” in SAP Business Information Warehouse? - Business Content is a pre-configured set of role and task-relevant information models based on consistent Metadata in the SAP Business Information Warehouse. Business Content provides selected roles within a company with the information they need to carry out their tasks. These information models essentially contain roles, workbooks, queries, InfoSources, InfoCubes, key figures, characteristics, update rules and extractors for SAP R/3, mySAP.com Business Applications and other selected applications.28. Why do you usually choose to implement SAP? - There are number of technical reasons numbers of companies are planning to implement SAP. It’s highly configurable, highly secure data handling, min data redundancy, max data consistency, you can capitalize on economics of sales like purchasing, tight integration-cross function.29. Can BW run without a SAP R/3 implementation? - Certainly. You can run BW without R/3 implementation. You can use pre-defined business content in BW using your non-SAP data. Here you simply need to map the transfer structures associated with BW data sources (InfoCubes, ODS tables) to the inbound data files or use 3rd part tool to connect your flat files and other data sources and load data in BW. Several third party ETL products such as Acta, Infomatica, DataStage and others will have been certified to load data in BW.30. What is IDES? - International Demonstration and Education System. A sample application provided for faster learning and implementation.31. What is WF and its importance? - Business Work Flow: Tool for automatic control and execution of cross-application processes. This involves coordinating the persons involved, the work steps required, the data, which needs to be processed (business objects). The main advantage is reduction in throughput times and the costs involved in managing business processes. Transparency and quality are enhanced by its use.32. What is SAP R/3? - A third generation set of highly integrated software modules that performs common business function based on multinational leading practice. Takes care of any enterprise however diverse in operation, spread over the world. In R/3 system all the three servers like presentation, application server and database server are located at different system.33. What are presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3? - The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. All the data are stored in a centralized server. This server is called database server.34. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? - Convert the legacy system data to a flat file and convert flat file into internal table. Transfer the flat file into sap system called “sap data transfer”. Call transaction(Write the program explicitly) or create sessions (sessions are created and processed ,if success data will transfer).35. Explain open SQL vs native SQL? - ABAP Native SQL allows you to include database-specific SQL statements in an ABAP program. Most ABAP programs containing database-specific SQL statements do not run with different databases. If different databases are involved, use Open SQL. To execute ABAP Native SQL in an ABAP program, use the statement EXEC. Open SQL (Subset of standard SQL statements), allows you to access all database tables available in the R/3 System, regardless of the manufacturer. To avoid conflicts between database tables and to keep ABAP programs independent from the database system used, SAP has generated its own set of SQL statements known as Open SQL.36. What are datasets? - The sequential files (processed on application server) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.37. What are internal tables check table, value table, and transparent table? - Internal table: It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program. Check table: Check table will be at field level checking. Value table: Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid. Transparent table: - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields.38. What are the major benefits of reporting with BW over R/3? Would it be sufficient just to Web-enable R/3 Reports? - Performance — Heavy reporting along with regular OLTP transactions can produce a lot of load both on the R/3 and the database (cpu, memory, disks, etc). Just take a look at the load put on your system during a month end, quarter end, or year-end — now imagine that occurring even more frequently. Data analysis — BW uses a Data Warehouse and OLAP concepts for storing and analyzing data, where R/3 was designed for transaction processing. With a lot of work you can get the same analysis out of R/3 but most likely would be easier from a BW.39. How can an ERP such as SAP help a business owner learn more about how business operates? - In order to use an ERP system, abusiness person must understand the business processes and how they work together from one functional area to the other. This knowledge gives the student a much deeper understanding of how a business operates. Using SAP as a tool to learn about ERP systems will require that thepeople understand the business processes and how they integrate.40. What is the difference between OLAP and Data Mining? - OLAP - On line Analytical processing is a reporting tool configured to understand your database schema ,composition facts and dimensions . By simple point-n-clicking, a user can run any number of canned or user-designed reports without having to know anything of SQL or the schema. Because of that prior configuration, the OLAP engine “builds” and executes the appropriate SQL. Mining is to build the application to specifically look at detailed analyses, often algorithmic; even more often misappropriate called “reporting.41. What is “Extended Star Schema” and how did it emerge? - The Star Schema consists of the Dimension Tables and the Fact Table. The Master Data related tables are kept in separate tables, which has reference to the characteristics in the dimension table(s). These separate tables for master data is termed as the Extended Star Schema.42. Define Meta data, Master data and Transaction data - Meta Data: Data that describes the structure of data or MetaObjects is called Metadata. In other words data about data is known as Meta Data. Master Data: Master data is data that remains unchanged over a long period of time. It contains information that is always needed in the same way. Characteristics can bear master data in BW. With master data you are dealing with attributes, texts or hierarchies. Transaction data: Data relating to the day-to-day transactions is the Transaction data.43. Name some drawbacks of SAP - Interfaces are huge problem, Determine where master data resides, Expensive, very complex, demands highly trained staff, lengthy implementation time.44. What is Bex? - Bex stands for Business Explorer. Bex enables end user to locate reports, view reports, analyze information and can execute queries. The queries in workbook can be saved to there respective roles in the Bex browser. Bex has the following components: Bex Browser, Bex analyzer, Bex Map, Bex Web.45. What are variables? - Variables are parameters of a query that are set in the parameter query definition and are not filled with values until the queries are inserted into workbooks. There are different types of variables which are used in different application: Characteristics variables, Hierarchies and hierarchy node, Texts, Formulas, Processing types, User entry/Default type, Replacment Path.46. What is AWB?. What is its purpose? - AWB stands for Administrator WorkBench. AWB is a tool for controlling, monitoring and maintaining all the processes connected with data staging and processing in the business information whearhousing.47. What is the significance of ODS in BIW? - An ODS Object serves to store consolidated and debugged transaction data on a document level (atomic level). It describes a consolidated dataset from one or more InfoSources. This dataset can be analyzed with a BEx Query or InfoSet Query. The data of an ODS Object can be updated with a delta update into InfoCubes and/or other ODS Objects in the same system or across systems. In contrast to multi-dimensional data storage with InfoCubes, the data in ODS Objects is stored in transparent, flat database tables.48. What are the different types of source system? - SAP R/3 Source Systems, SAP BW, Flat Files and External Systems.49. What is Extractor? - Extractors is a data retrieval mechanisms in the SAP source system. Which can fill the extract structure of a data source with the data from the SAP source system datasets. The extractor may be able to supply data to more fields than exist in the extract structure.ABAP Interview Questions1. How data is stored in cluster table? Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains the no. of entries. 2. What are client dependant objects in abap/sap? SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects. 3. On which even we can validate the input fields in module progams? In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.) 4. In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically? AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL. CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and material group for the plant. 5. How do you get output from IDOC? Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from Idoc is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments. 6. When top of the page event is triggered? After excuteing first write statement in start-of-selection event. 7. Can we create field without data element and how? In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip. Data element/ direct type. 8. How do we debug sapscript? Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to utilities select debugger mode on.9. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program. TCode AL21.10. How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and press enter.Following are some of the answers which I gave upto my knowledge.1. What is the use of 'outerjoin' Ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all the tables used in the view.In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the view.2. When to use logical database?Ans. Advantage of Logical databases:less coding s required to retrieve data compared to normal internel tables.Tables used LDB are in hierarchial structure.3. What is the use of 'table index'?Ans .Index is used for faster access of data base tables.4. What is the use of 'FOR ALL ENTRIES'?Ans. To avoid nested select statements we use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES statement.If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is used.Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use.5. Can you set up background processing using CALL TRANSACTION?Yes,Using No Screen Mode.6. What are table buffers?Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The data of buffered tables can thus be accessed directly from the buffer of the application server. This avoids the time-consuming process of accessing the database.Buffering is useful if table needs to be accessed more no. of times in a program.With Compliments from: Pavan1. How do I set a flag for a field in any table?Create a char field of length 1. for example field STAS-LKENZ is Deletion Indicator. It means that if the value in the field is 'X' then that record has been deleted.2. Can I execute user exits? If yes, how?Yes you can. after finding the user exit, you need to use, goto CMOD add ur user-exit to your project. Then activate the FM which you require. Now go into that function module there will be a Include program wit name ZX* . Double click on it, it will ask to create an object, answer it Yes and then write your code in it. 3. How do I find the output type of a table or a program?Table TNAPR / NAST *-- RajABAP Technical Interview Questions:1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?2. What are field symbols and field groups.? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups?3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?4. What is a batch input session?5. What is the alternative to batch input session?6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it?7. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level?8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing on line?9. What do you define in the domain and data element?10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?11. How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?12. What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary?13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?14. What are the domains and data elements?15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?19. What is open sql vs native sql?20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?21. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?22. What are the events in ABAP language?23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports?24. What is a drill down report?25. How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.26. What are the exceptions in function module?27. What is a function group?28. How are the date abd time field values stored in SAP?29. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table?30. Name a few data dictionary objects?31. What happens when a table is activated in DD?32. What is a check table and what is a value table?33. What are match codes? Describe?34. What transactions do you use for data analysis?35. What is table maintenance generator?36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?39. What are selection texts?40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?43. Are programs client dependent?44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?47. What are datasets?48. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?2. Adapted from response by Maram Roja on Tuesday, June 15, 20041. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?2. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?3. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?4. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?6. What are the functional areas? User groups? How does ABAP query work in relation to these?7. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query?8. What is the structure of a BDC sessions.9. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?10. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?11. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?12. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs?13. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?14. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that?15. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?16. What is a currency factoring technique?17. How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?18. What is SAPscript and layout set?19. What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?20. What is output determinationABAP Questions:1.Elementary search helps, Collective search help.2.Difference between Search Helps and Match Codes3.Have you created database tables?4.Difference between client dependent and client independent tables?5.How to create client independent tables6.Have you created Maintenance dialog or Table Maintenance?7.On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all steps for setting up a workflow?8.Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these?9.In the ‘select’ statement what is “group by”?10.Have you worked with field groups? Have you used Import/Export statements?ABAP Editor:1.Fixed point arithmetic – what is the use? How to set this?2.Have you used client dependent ABAP programs?Database Commands:1.Select statement to read data into internal tables. Types of Select statements2.What happens “Update” command is used without where clause ?3.Difference between “Insert”, “Update” and “Modify”4.Explain “Commit” and “Roll back”5.“Catch” Command6.What is “Group by” in Select statement?More then 200 questions on Logical databases, Buffering, Basis, Reports, BDC, Transactions, SAP Script,User–Exits, SD module, MM module, FI module, Performance tuning,SAP Memory, Others, WorkFlow, General questions are availabe in our EFS Repository.ABAP / 4 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS1) What is SAP R/3?Ans SAP R/3 refers to Systems Application and Product for data processing Real-time having a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer, Application layer and Database layer.2) What are the programming standards followed?3) What are the contents in technical specifications?Ans There are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class, Size Category, Buffering Permission, Buffering Type and Logging.4) What is an instance?Ans When you call a function module, an instance of its function group plus its data, is loaded into the memory area of the internal session. An ABAP program can load several instances by calling function modules from different function groups.5) How to take care of performance in ABAP Development?6) What is Function group? Difference between function group and function module?Ans Function Groups act as containers for Function Modules that logically belong together.Function Groups 1) These cannot be defined in a Function Module.2) It cannot be called.3) They are containers for Function Module.Function Modules1) These must be defined in a Function Group.2) It can be called from any program.3) They are not containers for Function Group. 7) What is the difference between 'Select single * ' and 'Select upto 1 rows'?Ans ‘Select single *’ – The result of the selection should be a single entry. If it is not possible to identify a unique entry, the system uses the first line of the selection. For e.g. DATA : ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP.SELECT SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITABWHERE EMPNO = ‘00101’ AND DEPTNO = ‘0010’.WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.Select upto 1 rows -8) What Function does data dictionary perform?Ans Central information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates redundancy.9) Difference between domain and data element? What are aggregate object?Ans Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen. Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary.Data Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its field labels and documentation.Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several related table.10) What is view? Different types of view. Explain?Ans View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.Different Types of View:1) Maintenance2) Database – It is on more than two tables.3) Projection – It is only on one table.4) Help11) Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between float and packed data type?Ans No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal places are not permitted with Ndata type.Float Data Type: It cannot be declared in Parameters.Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For e.g.PARAMETERS : A(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2,B(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.DATA : C(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.C = A + B.WRITE : / ‘THE SUM IS’ , C.12) What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?Ans A step loop is a repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen.Step loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP...ENDLOOPs in the flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP...ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column.Transaction TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in transaction TZ60.Static and Dynamic Step LoopsStep loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user re-sizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one.You specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed, the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This number can never change.Programming with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types.Looping in a Step LoopWhen you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system.Use the following additional parameters if desired:· FROM and TO · CURSOR 13) What is the initial value and maximum length of all data type?Ans Data Type Initial field length Valid field length Initial value Meaning Numeric types I 4 4 0 Integer (whole number) F 8 8 0 Floating point number P 8 1 – 16 0 Packed number Character types C 1 1 – 65535 ' … ' Text field (alphanumeric characters) D 8 8 '00000000' Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD) N 1 1 – 65535 '0 … 0' Numeric text field (numeric characters) T 6 6 '000000' Time field (format: HHMMSS) Hexadecimal type X 1 1 – 65535 X'0 … 0' Hexadecimal field 14) What are the ways to find out the tables used in the program?Ans 15) Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the same time?If yes how and if no why?Ans 16) What are the different functions used in sap script? What are the parameters used in each Function?Ans There are three different functions used in SAP Script:1) OPEN_FORM2) WRITE_FORM3) CLOSE_FORMParameters in Each Function:1) OPEN_FORM –ExportingFormLanguage2) WRITE_FORM –ExportingElementWindow3) CLOSE_FORM17) What is sequence of event triggered in report?Ans There are 6 events in report:1) Initialization2) At Selection-Screen3) Start-of-Selection4) Get5) Get Late6) End-of-Selection7) Top-of-Page8) End-of-Page9) At Line Selection10) At User Command11) At PF (nn)18) What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?Ans There are four standard layouts in the SAP Script:1) Header2) Logo 3) Main Window4) Footer19) What function module upload data from application server?Ans 20) What are the various types of selection screen event?Ans SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01.SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW.CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10.21) What do you know about a client?Ans 22) What are the system fields? Explain?Ans The ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by the runtime environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out particular states of the system. Although they are variables, you should not assign your own values to them, since this may overwrite information that is important for the normal running of the program. However, there are some isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control navigation within details lists.23) What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script? Difference betweenSAP Script and Report?Ans SAP Script – It is the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System. Two types – PC Editor & Line Editor.Reports - It is the way to display data fetched from database table onto screen or directly output it to a printer. Two types – Classical and Interactive.24) What is the use of occurs in internal table? Can u change occurs value in program?Ans Use of Occurs - If you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL SIZE of the table is returned to the variable Data : Begin of ITAB occurs 0,End of ITAB.Occurs or Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be assigned to the table.Yes, we can change the occurs value in program but output remains the same.25) Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used?Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform?Ans SY-TABIX - Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below, but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for hashed tables.· APPEND sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains the overall number of entries in the table.· COLLECT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If the table has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0.· LOOP AT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop lass. At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before entering the loop. It is set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE.· READ TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary search, and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number of lines, or one more than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if a linear search fails to return an entry.· SEARCH FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the search string is found.SY_INDEX - In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes including the current pass.26) Difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?Ans UPLOAD - File transfer with dialog from presentation server file to internal table. Data which is available in a file on the presentation server is transferred in an internal table. ASCII & Binary files can be transferred.WS_UPLOAD - To read data from the presentation server into an internal table without a user dialog, use the function module WS_UPLOAD. The most important parameters are listed below.Parameters Function CODEPAGE Only for upload under DOS: Value IBM FILENAME Filename FILETYPE File type 27) Why did u switch to SAP?Ans 28) What is a Logical Database?Ans Logical Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs.Use of LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable ABAP programs.29) What are the events used for Logical Database?Ans Two Events –1) GET - This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical database. It occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node and made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement NODES . The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET statements2) PUT - The PUT statement directs the program flow according to the structure of the logical database.30) What is the difference between Get and Get Late?Ans GET - After the logical database has read an entry from the node .GET LATE - After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that are below in the database hierarchy.31) What are the data types of Internal Tables?Ans There are three types:1) Line2) Key3) Table32) What are the events used in ABAP in the order of execution?Ans Events are:1. INITIALIZATION2. AT SELECTION-SCREEN3. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON 4. START-OF-SELECTION5. TOP-OF-PAGE6. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION7. END-OF-PAGE8. END-OF-SELECTION9. AT USER-COMMAND10. AT LINE-SELECTION11. AT PF12. GET13. GET LATE.14. AT User Command33) What are Interactive Reports?Ans An output list which displays just the basic details & allow user to interact, so that a new list is populated based on user-selection. With interactive list, the user can actively control data retrieval and display during the session.34) What are the commands used for interactive reports?Ans Top-of-Page during line-selection35) What are the system fields u have worked with? Explain?Ans I had worked with the following (30) system fields:1) SY-DBSYS - Central Database2) SY-HOST - Server3) SY-OPSYS - Operating System4) SY-SAPRL - SAP Release5) SY-SYSID - System Name6) SY-LANGU - User Logon Language7) SY-MANDT - Client8) SY-UNAME - Logon User Name9) SY-DATLO - Local Date10) SY-DATUM - Server Date11) SY-TIMLO - Local Time12) SY-UZEIT - Server Time13) SY-DYNNR - Screen Number14) SY-REPID - Current ABAP program15) SY-TCODE - Transaction Code16) SY-ULINE - Horizontal Line17) SY-VLINE - Vertical Line18) SY-INDEX - Number of current loop Pass19) SY-TABIX - Current line of internal table20) SY-DBCNT - Number of table entries processed21) SY-SUBRC - Return Code22) SY-UCOMM - Function Code23) SY-LINCT - Page Length of list24) SY-LINNO - Current Line25) SY-PAGNO - Current Page Number26) SY-LSIND - Index of List27) SY-MSGID - Message Class28) SY-MSGNO - Message Number29) SY-MSGTY - Message Type30) SY-SPONO - Spool number during printing36) What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key?Ans Primary Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL.Unique Key – It can be NULL. 37) What is the transaction code for Table maintenance?Ans SM3038) If u are using Logical Databases how will u modify the selection-screen elements?Ans Select-options : dname for deptt-dname.39) What is an RFC?Ans Remote Function Call40) If u are using RFC and passing values to a remote system how does it work?Ans41) What are the events in Screen Programming?Ans There are two events in Screen Programming:1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed.2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed.3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.42) What is the significance of HIDE?Ans Its stores the click value and display the related record in the secondary list.43) Where do u code the HIDE statement?Ans In a LOOP statement44) Types of BDC's?Ans There are two types of BDC’s:1) Transaction Method2) Session Method45) Advantages & Disadvantages of different types of BDC's?Ans Transaction Method:1) It is faster than session method.2) While executing, it starts from starting.Session Method:1) It is slower than transaction method.2) While executing, it does not start from starting.46) What are the events used in Interactive Reports.Ans There are three events of Interactive Reports:I. At PF(nn)II. At line-selectionIII. At user-command47) What is an RDBMS?Ans RDBMS – Relational Database Management System. It helps to create relationship between two or more table.48) What standards u use to follow while coding ABAP programs?Ans 49) What will you code in START-OF-SELECTION & END-OF-SELECTON & why?Ans START-OF-SELECTIONSELECT * FROM DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITABWHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.APPEND ITAB.ENDSELECT.LOOP AT ITAB.WRITE : / 10 ITAB-DEPTNO.HIDE : ITAB-DEPTNO.ENDLOOP.END-OF-SELECTION50) What are joins and different types joins?Ans There are four types of Joins:1) Self Join2) Inner Join3) Outer Join4) Equi Join51) Which is the default join?Ans52) How do u display a data in a Detail List?Ans By using two statements:1) Top-of-page during line-selection2) At line-selection53) What are the types of windows in SAP Script?Ans There are five Standard Layouts in SAP Script:1) Page2) Window3) Page Window4) Paragraph Format5) Character Format54) What are the function modules used in a SAP Script driver program?Ans There are three functions used in SAP Script:1) OPEN_FORM2) WRITE_FORM3) CLOSE_FORM55) What are Extracts?Ans Extracts are dynamic sequential datasets in which different lines can have different structures. We can access the individual records in an extract dataset using a LOOP.56) How would u go about improving the performance of a Program, which selects data from MSEG & MKPF?Ans57) How does System work in case of an Interactive Report?Ans58) What is LUW?Ans Logical Unit of Work59) Different types of LUWs. What r they?Ans Two types of LUW are:1) DB LUW - A database LUW is the mechanism used by the database to ensure that its data is always consistent. A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database operations that ends with a database commit. The database LUW is either fully executed by the database system or not at all. Once a database LUW has been successfully executed, the database will be in a consistent state. If an error occurs within a database LUW, all of the database changes since the beginning of the database LUW are reversed. This leaves the database in the state it had before the transaction started.2) SAP LUW - A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to the database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW. Unlike a database LUW, an SAP LUW can span several dialog steps, and be executed using a series of different work processes.60) What is First event triggered in program?Ans61) What are various Joins? What is right outer join?Ans62) How do u find out whether a file exits on the presentation server?Ans eps_get_directory_listing for directory63) Systems fields used for Interactive Lists AND ListsAns Interactive System Fields: SY-LSIND, SY-CPAGE, SY-LILLI, SY-LISEL, SY-LISTI,SY-LSTAT, SY-STACO, SY-STAROLists: SY-COLNO, SY-LINCT, SY-LINNO, SY-LINSZ, SY-PAGNO,SY-TVAR0…..SY-TVAR9, SY-WTITL64) Logo in SAP Script?Ans RSTXLDMC ORSteps for making and inserting Logo in SAP Script:First Procedure:1) Draw the picture2) Save it3) /nSE784) Write name & Choose Color5) Click on Import6) Browse picture7) EnterSecond Procedure1) /nSE712) Insert3) Graphics4) Click on stored on document server5) Execute6) Choose name of BMAP65) What are the difference between call screen and leave screen? Ans Call Screen: Calling a single screen is a special case of embedding a screen sequence. If you want to prevent the called screen from covering the current screen completely, you can use the CALL SCREEN statement with the STARTING AT and ENDING ATCALL SCREEN 1000.CALL SCREEN 1000 STARTING AT 10 10 ENDING AT 20 20.LEAVE SCREEN statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen.LEAVE SCREEN.LEAVE TO SCREEN 2000.66) If internal table used in for all entries in empty then what happensAns No, records will be displayed.67) If I forgot some command in SAP Script e.g.: suppress zero display - How to do find it?Ans Suppressing of entire screens is possible with this command. This command allows us to perform screen processing “in the background”. Suppressing screens is useful when we are branching to list-mode from a transaction dialog step.68) How to write a BDC - how do u go about it?Ans Steps for writing BDC1) /nSE382) Declare Tables, Data (for ITAB) and Data (for BDCITAB)3) Call function ‘Upload’.4) Write code for the First Screen, Radio Button, Filename, Change Button, Second Screen, Utilities (Create Entries), Third Screen and Save.5) Call transaction ‘SE11’ using BDCITAB mode ‘A’.6) Save, Check Errors, Activate and Execute.69) What is Performance tuning?Ans70) Define Documentation.Ans71) Brief about Testing of programs.Ans72) How do u move on to the next screen in interactive reporting?Ans Write code of the following:1) Top-of-Page during line-selection2) At line-selection73) Create any functions? How to go about it?Ans Steps for creating the Functions:First Procedure:1) /nSE372) Goto3) Function Group (FG)4) Create Group5) Name of FG (ZREKHA_FG)6) Short Text7) Save8) Local ObjectSecond Procedure1) Environment2) Inactive Object3) Function Group (ZREKHA_FG)4) Activate5) BackThird Procedure1) Name of Function Module (ZREKHA_FM)2) Create3) Write FG Name (ZREKHA_FG)4) Short Text5) SaveFourth Step:Call function ‘ZREKHA_FM’.74) Advanced topics?Ans75) Function modules used in F4 help.Ans There are two types of function modules used in F4 help:1) F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST2) F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST76) Work most on which module: Name a few tables.Ans Sales & Distribution Module1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS6) Customer Master – KNA17) Material Data – MARA8) Conditions (Transaction Data) - KONV77) System Table usedAns 1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS6) Customer Master – KNA17) Material Data – MARA8) Conditions (Transaction Data) - KONV78) From a table how do u find whether a material is used in another material BOM?Ans79) What is read line?Ans READ LINE and READ CURRENT LINE – These statements are used to read data from the lines of existing list levels. These statements are closely connected to the HIDE technique.80) How u used logical database? How is data transferred to program? Corresponding statement in LDB.Ans 81) How do u suppress fields on selection screen generated by LDB?Ans82) Can there be more than 1 main window in SAP Script?Ans No, there cannot be more than 1 main window in SAP Script because in WRITE_FORM, it asks for the parameter Window that will create the problem. WRITE_FORM –ExportingElementWindow83) Global and local data in function modules.Ans84) What are the differences between SAP memory and ABAP memory?Ans ABAP Memory is a memory area in the internal session (roll area) of an ABAP program. Data within this area is retained within a sequence of program calls, allowing you to pass data between programs that call one another. It is also possible to pass data between sessions using SAP Memory.SAP Memory is a memory area to which all sessions within a SAPgui have access. You can use SAP memory either to pass data from one program to another within a session (as with ABAP memory) or to pass data from one session to another.85) What are differences between At selection-screen and At selection-screen output?Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN event is triggered in the PAI of the selection screen once the ABAP runtime environment has passed all of the input data from the selection screen to the ABAP program.AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT - This event block allows you to modify the selection screen directly before it is displayed.86) What are the events?Ans 87) What is get cursor field? Ans GET CURSOR statement transfers the name of the screen element on which the cursor is positioned during a user action into the variable .GET CURSOR FIELD [OFFSET ] [LINE ] [VALUE ] LENGTH ].88) What is the inside concept in select-options? Ans Select-options specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values.Different Properties of Select-options:1) Visible Length2) Matchcode Object3) Memory ID4) Lowercase5) Obligatory6) No Display7) Modify ID89) What is the difference between occurs 1 and occurs 2?Ans 90) What is the difference between Free and Refresh?Ans Free - You can use FREE to initialize an internal table and release its memory space without first using the REFRESH or CLEAR statement. Like REFRESH, FREE works on the table body, not on the table work area. After a FREE statement, you can address the internal table again. It still occupies the amount of memory required for its header (currently 256 bytes). When you refill the table, the system has to allocate new memory space to the lines.Refresh - This always applies to the body of the table. As with the CLEAR statement, the memory used by the table before you initialized it remains allocated. To release the memory space, use the statement91) What are elements?Ans92) Can we have more than one selection-screen and how?Ans Yes, we can have more than one selection screen.Selection-screen begin of block honey with frame title text-101.Select-options : deptno for zrekha_deptt-deptno.Selection-screen end of block honey.Selection-screen begin of block honey1 with frame title text-102.Select-options : dname for zrekha_deptt-dname.Selection-screen end of block honey1.93) How to declare select-option as a parameter?Ans SELECT-OPTIONS: specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values.Parameters: dname like dept-dname.Select-options: dname for dept-dname.94) How can u write programmatically value help to a field without using search help andmatch codes?Ans By using two types of function modules to be called in SAP Script:1) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW_FOR_FIELD2) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW95) What are the differences between SE01, SE09 and SE10?Ans SE01 - Correction & Transport OrganizerSE09 - Workbench OrganizerSE10 - Customizing Organizer96) How to set destination?Ans97) What are the function module types?Ans98) What are tables?Ans Tables : ZREKHA_EMP.It creates a structure – the table work area in a program for the database tables, views or structure ZREKHA_EMP. The table work area has the same name as the object for which we created it. ZREKHA_EMP must be declared in the ABAP dictionary. The name and sequence of fields in the table work area ZREKHA_EMP corresponds exactly to the sequence of fields in the database table, view definition in the ABAP dictionary.99) What are client-dependant tables and independent tables?Ans100) How to distinguish client-dependant tables from independent tables?Ans101) What is the use of Table maintenance allowed?Ans Mark the Table maintenance allowed flag if users with the corresponding authorization may change the data in the table using the Data Browser (Transaction SE16). If the data in the table should only be maintained with programs or with the table view maintenance transaction (Transaction SM30), you should not set the flag.102) How to define Selection Screen?Ans Parameters, Select-options & Selection-Screen103) What are the check tables and value tables?Ans Check Table: The ABAP Dictionary allows you to define relationships between tables using foreign keys . A dependent table is called a foreign key table, and the referenced table is called the check table. Each key field of the check table corresponds to a field in the foreign key table. These fields are called foreign key fields. One of the foreign key fields is designated as the check field for checking the validity of values. The key fields of the check table can serve as input help for the check field.Value Table: Prior to Release 4.0, it was possible to use the value table of a domain to provide input help. This is no longer possible, primarily because unexpected results could occur if the value table had more than one key field. It was not possible to restrict the other key fields, which meant that the environment of the field was not considered, as is normal with check tables.In cases where this kind of value help was appropriate, you can reconstruct it by creating a search help for the data elements that use the domain in question, and using the value table as the selection method.Check table will be at field level checking.Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.104) What is the difference between tables and structures?Ans Tables:1) Data is permanently stored in tables in the database.2) Database tables are generated from them.Structure:1) It contains data temporarily during program run-time.2) No Database tables are generated from it. 105) How to declare one internal table without header line without using structures?Ans No, we cannot declare internal table without header line and without structure because it gives error “ITAB cannot be a table, a reference, a string or contain any of these object”.Code with Header without StructureTABLES : ZREKHA_EMP.DATA : ITAB LIKE ZREKHA_EMP OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.APPEND ITAB.ENDSELECT.LOOP AT ITAB.WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.ENDLOOP.Code without Header with StructureTABLES : ZREKHA_EMP.DATA : BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0,EMPNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNO,EMPNAME LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNAME,DEPTNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-DEPTNO,END OF ITAB.SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.APPEND ITAB.ENDSELECT.LOOP AT ITAB.WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.ENDLOOP.106) What are lock objects?Ans Reason for Setting Lock: Suppose a travel agent want to book a flight. The customer wants to fly to a particular city with a certain airline on a certain day. The booking must only be possible if there are still free places on the flight. To avoid the possibility of overbooking, the database entry corresponding to the flight must be locked against access from other transactions. This ensures that one user can find out the number of free places, make the booking, and change the number of free places without the data being changed in the meantime by another transaction.The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records with a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock Requests). These function modules are automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary.Two types of Lock: Shared and Exclusive107) What are datasets? What are the different syntaxes?Ans The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.OPEN DATASET [DATASET NAME] FOR [OUTPUT / INPUT / APPENDING]IN [BINARY / TEXT] MODEAT POSITION [POSITION]MESSAGE [FIELD]READ DATASET [DATASET NAME] INTO [FIELD]DELETE DATASET [DATASET NAME]CLOSE DATASET [DATASET NAME]TRANSFER [FIELD] TO [DATASET NAME]108) What are the events we use in dialog programming and explain them?Ans There are two events in Dialog Programming i.e. screen:1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed.2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed.3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.109) What is the difference between OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM?Ans OPEN_FORM – This module opens layout set printing. This function must be called up before we can work with other layout set function like WRITE_FORM.WRITE_FORM – Output text element in form window. The specified element of the layout set window entered is output. The element must be defined in the layout set.CLOSE_FORM – End layout set printing. Form printing started with OPEN_FORM is completed. Possible closing operations on the form last opened are carried out. Form printing must be completed by this function module. If this is not carried out, nothing is printed or displayed on the screen.110) What are the page windows? How many main windows will be there in a page window?Ans Page Window: In this window, we define the margins for left, width, upper and height for the layout of Header, Logo, Main, & Footer.111) What are control events in a loop?Ans Control level processing is allowed within a LOOP over an internal table. This means that we can divide sequences of entries into groups based on the contents of certain fields.AT .ENDAT.You can react to the following control level changes:Meaning FIRST First line of the internal table LAST Last line of the internal table NEW Beginning of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of END Of End of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of 112) How to debugg a script?Ans Go to SE71, give layout set name, go to utilities select debugger mode on.113) How many maximum sessions can be open in SAPgui?Ans There are maximum 6 sessions open in SAPgui.114) SAP Scripts and ABAP programs are client dependent or not? Why?Ans115) What are System Variable?Ans System variables have been predefined by SAP. We can use these variables in formulas or, for example, to pass on certain pieces of information to a function module. How the function called by the function module behaves depends on the type of information passed on.At present, we can use the following system variables:System Variable Use Meaning SY_MODE In function modules Current mode of the PI sheet SY_TEST In function modules Status of the PI sheet (test or active) SY_ROW In function modules Current table line SY_VALUE or X Generally Refers to the immediately preceding input value 116) Is it compulsory to use all the events in Reports?Ans 117) What is the difference between sum and collect? Ans Sum: You can only use this statement within a LOOP. If you use SUM in an AT - ENDAT block, the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines in the current line group and writes them to the corresponding fields in the work area. If you use the SUM statement outside an AT - ENDAT block (single entry processing), the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines of the internal table in each loop pass and writes them to the corresponding fields of the work area. It therefore only makes sense to use the SUM statement in AT...ENDAT blocks.If the table contains a nested table, you cannot use the SUM statement. Neither can you use it if you are using a field symbol instead of a work area in the LOOP statement.Collect:118) What are session method and call transaction method and explain about them?Ans Session method – Use the BDC_OPEN_GROUP to create a session. Once we have created a session, then we can insert the batch input data into it with BDC_INSERT. Use the BDC_INSERT to add a transaction to a batch input session. We specify the transaction that is to be started in the call to BDC_INSERT. We must provide a BDCDATA structure that contains all the data required to process the transaction completely. Use the BDC_CLOSE_GROUP to close a session after we have inserted all of our batch input data into it. Once a session is closed, it can be processed.Call Transaction -In this method, we use CALL TRANSACTION USING to run an SAP transaction. External data does not have to be deposited in a session for later processing. Instead, the entire batch input process takes place inline in our program.119) If you have 10000 records in your file, which method you use in BDC?Ans Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real time...because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session, then process will not complete until session get correct.120) What are different modes of Call Transaction method and explain them?Ans There are three modes of Call Transaction method:1) A – Display All Screens 2) E – Display Errors3) N – Background Processing--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121) What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?Ans HEADER, BODY, FOOTER.122) What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups?Ans Field Symbols – They are placeholder or symbolic names for the other fields. They do not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. It can point to any data objects.Field-symbols Field Groups – Field groups does not reserve storage space but contains pointers to existing fields.An extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have different structures. All records with the same structure form a record type. You must define each record type of an extract dataset as a field group, using the FIELD-GROUPS statement.Field-groups 123) What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?Ans STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILEto internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED"SAP DATA TRANSFER".STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPEi) Call transaction (Write the program explicitly)ii) Create sessions (sessions are created and processed. If success, data will transfer).124) What is a batch input session?Ans BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.Create session – BDC_OPEN_GROUPInsert batch input – BDC_INSERTClose session – BDC_CLOSE_GROUP125) What is the alternative to batch input session?Ans Call Transaction Method & Call Dialog126) A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit theprogram and the batch session in background. How to do it?Ans Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps(JOB SCHEDULING)127) What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they arestored at the database level?Ans Pool Table -1) Many to One Relationship.2) Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition.3) It can hold only pooled tables.Transparent Table –1) One to One relationship.2) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 Table definition.3) It can hold Application data.128) What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input processdifferent from processing on line?Ans Two Problems: -1) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue (log remains). However, if session is processed we may delete it manually.2) If session processing fails, data will not be transferred to SAP database table.129) Is Session Method, Asynchronous or Synchronous?Ans Synchronous130) What are the different types of data dictionary objects?Ans Different types of data dictionary objects:1) Tables2) Views3) Data elements4) Structure5) Domains6) Search Helps7) Local Objects8) Matchcode131) How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?Ans 4 Types of Tables:1. Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Open SQL and Native SQL can be used.2. Pool tables3. Cluster tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. One cannot use Native SQL on these tables (only Open SQL). They are not manageable directly using database system tools.4. Internal tables132) What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary?Ans Steps to create a table:Step 1: creating domains (data type, field length, Range).Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field).Step 3: creating tables (SE11).133) Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?Ans No, Transparent table do exist with the same structure both in the dictionary as well as in the database, exactly with the same data and fields.134) In SAP Scripts, how will u link FORM with the Event Driven? Ans In PAI, define function code and write code for the same.135) Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?Ans YES. e.g.:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.Here we are refering to a data object (SPFLI) not data element.136) What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?Ans GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it again).137) What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?Ans Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT .When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the datasetEXTRACT HEADER.When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs.By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.138) What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?Ans Collect : If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.Append – Duplicate entries occurs.139) What is OPEN SQL vs NATIVE SQL?Ans Open SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command (Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date.Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP.140) What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?Ans To use a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows:EXEC SQL [PERFORMING ].ENDEXEC.There is no period after Native SQL statements. Furthermore, using inverted commas (") or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement does not introduce a comment as it would in normal ABAP syntax. You need to know whether table and field names are case-sensitive in your chosen database.141) What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?Ans ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in which you enter the source code of ABAP programs and check their syntax. You can also navigate from the ABAP Editor to the other tools in the ABAP Workbench.142) What are the events in ABAP language?Ans The events are as follows:1. Initialization2. At selection-screen3. Start-of-selection4. End-of-selection5. Top-of-page6. End-of-page7. At line-selection8. At user-command9. At PF10. Get11. At New12. At LAST13. AT END14. AT FIRST143) What is an interactive report? What is the obvious difference of such report comparedwith classical type reports?Ans An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.Difference: -a) The list produced by classical report doesn't allow user to interact with the system where as the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.B) Once a classical report, executed user looses control where as Interactive, user has control.C) In classical report, drilling is not possible where as in interactive, drilling is possible.144) What is a drill down report?Ans Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.145) How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.Ans 1. Called program - SE37 - Creating function group, function module by assigning attributes, importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions.2. Calling program - SE38 - In program, click pattern and write function name- provide export, import, tables, exception values.146) What are the exceptions in function module?Ans Exceptions: Our function module needs an exception that it can trigger if there are no entries in table SPFLI that meet the selection criterion. The exception NOT_FOUND serves this function.COMMUNICATION_FAILURE & SYSTEM_FAILURE 147) Ans148) How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?Ans DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS149) What are the fields in a BDC_Tab and BDCDATA Table?Ans Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table:Sr.No Fields - Description1) Program - BDC Module pool2) Dynpro - BDC Screen Number3) Dynbegin - BDC Screen Start4) Fname - Field Name5) Fval - BDC field value150) Name a few data dictionary objects?Ans Different types of data dictionary objects:1) Tables2) Views3) Data elements4) Structure5) Matchcode6) Domains7) Search Helps8) Local Objects151) What happens when a table is activated in DD?Ans When the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database for the table definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP dictionary of the particular database. It is available for any insertion, modification and updation of records by any user.152) Ans153) What are matchcodes? Describe?Ans It is similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys.154) What transactions do you use for data analysis?Ans155) What are the elements of selection screen?Ans There are 5 elements of selection screen:Selection-screen include blocks Selection-screen include parameters